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Senarai baka ayam

Terdapat beratus-ratus baka ayam yang wujud pada hari ini.[1] Ia telah diternak sejak beribu-ribu tahun yang lalu. Ciri-ciri fizikal digunakan bagi membezakan baka-baka ayam iaitu saiz, warna bulu, jenis balung, warna kulit, warna telur dan tempat asalnya.[1] Ia juga dibahagikan mengikut kegunaan utamanya sama ada untuk telur, daging atau tujuan hiasan. Beberapa jenis baka memiliki kegunaan lebih daripada satu.[1]

Mengikut tempat asal

Australia

 Austria

 Belgium

Ayam jantan d'Everberg ini merupakan salah satu daripada baka ayam Bantan biasan dari Belgium

Brazil

Bulgaria

Ayam Shumen Hitam

Kanada

Chile

China

Silkie terkenal kerana bulunya yang lembut seperti sutera

Croatia

Cuba

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Cubalaya

 Czechia

 Mesir

 Finland

 Perancis

Faverolles

Jerman

Greece

Sumber [2]

India

Iceland

Indonesia

Ayam jantan Sumatra

Iran

Itali

Leghorn

Jepun

Korea

Kosovo

Malaysia

Marianas

Belanda

Tiga ekor Barnevelder

New Zealand

Norway

[ Pakistan

Filipina

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Leher Botak

Rusia

Serbia

Slovakia

Afrika Selatan

Sepanyol

Seekor ayam jantan Minorca

[ Switzerland

Turki

Ukraine

United Kingdom

The Buff variety of Orpington, here a rooster, is quite popular breed for smaller flocks.

Amerika Syarikat

Vietnam

Mengikut kegunaan utama

All chickens lay eggs, have edible meat, and possess a unique appearance. However, distinct breeds are the result of selective breeding to emphasize certain traits. Any breed may technically be used for general agricultural purposes, and all breeds are shown to some degree. But each chicken breed is known for a primary use.

Telur

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Araucanas are one of the only breeds to lay blue or green eggs, and can be recognized by their lack of tail and distinctive ear tufts
Many breeds were selected and are used primarily for producing eggs, these are mostly light-weight birds whose hens do not go broody often.

Daging

Some breeds are preferred for meat alone, though the commercial broiler market is currently monopolized by the Cornish-Rock (a hybrid of the Cornish and Plymouth Rock). Many smaller farms and homesteads use dual-purpose breeds for meat production.

Dual kegunaan

The Barred Plymouth Rock adalah antara baka dua-guna yang sangat popular
Secara umumnya baka-baka yang dipelihara di rumah di seluruh dunia sesuai bagi tujuan pengeluaran daging dan telur. Walaupun begitu, beberapa baka mungkin lebih condong ke arah salah satu dari kegunaan ini. Baka-baka dengan ciri sebegini biasanya dikenali sebagai baka "dua kegunaan"

Hiasan

Since the 19th century, poultry fancy, the breeding and competitive exhibition of poultry as a hobby, has grown to be a huge influence on chicken breeds. Many breeds have always been kept for ornamental purposes, and others have been shifted from their original use to become first and foremost exhibition fowl, even if they may retain some inherent utility. Since the sport of cockfighting has been outlawed in the developed world, most breeds first developed for this purpose, called game fowl, are now seen principally in the show ring rather than the cock pit.
Key

U denotes a breed primarily used for exhibition, but which is still used for utility purposes.
G denotes a game breed.
Modern Games were developed purely for exhibition

Bantam

Sebright, seperti baka Sebright Emas adalah salah satu ayam Bantam yang popular
Kebanyakan baka ayam yang bersaiz besar mempunyai pasangan yang bersaiz miniatur yang dikenali sebagai katik atau bantam. Baka Bantam ini bersaiz satu per lima atau satu per empat dari baka aslinya, dengan ciri-ciri dan penampilan yang serupa dengan baka aslinya. Walaubagaimanapun Bantam asli tidak memiliki pasangan yang bersaiz besar. Baka bantam asli termasuk:

Baka kacukan

Many common strains of cross-bred chickens exist, but none breed true or are recognized by poultry breed standards. Thus, though they are extremely common in flocks focusing on high productivity, cross-breeds do not technically meet the definition of a breed. Most cross-breed strains are sex linked, allowing for easy chick sexing.

Lihat juga

Nota kaki

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 (Ekarius 2007, p. 23)
  2. ↑ Rare Breeds and Varieties of Greece - Atlas 2010
  3. ↑ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Ekarius_2007 tidak disediakan
  4. ↑ (Percy 2006, p. 17)
  5. ↑ Svrljig chicken
  6. ↑ [1]
  7. ↑ [2]
  8. ↑ [3]

Rujukan

  • American Standard of Perfection, American Poultry Association.
  • Ekarius, Carol (2007). Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds, 210 MAS MoCA Way, North Adams MA 01247: Storey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-58017-667-5.
  • Graham, Chris (2006). Choosing and Keeping Chickens, 2–4 Heron Quays London E14 4JP: Octopus Publishing. ISBN 9780793806010.
  • Heinrichs, Christine (2007). How To Raise Chickens, Voyageur Press. ISBN 9780793806010.
  • Percy, Pam (2006). The Field Guide to Chickens, Suite 200, 380 Jackson St, St Paul MN 55101: Voyageur Press. ISBN 0760324735.

Pautan luar

Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan: Chicken breeds

 

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